How would you navigate if all VOR's and NDB's en route fail?

How would you navigate if all VOR's and NDB's en route fail?

With the IRS/INS/GPS or visually.

What is anhedral?

What is anhedral?

anhedral is the downward inclinitation of the wing from the root to the tip.

What is the critical point?

What is the critical point?

The critical point (CP) is a point on a track where it is as quick to go on as it is to turn back.

Also known as ETP (Equal Time Point) and PET (Point of Equal Time).

What is density altitude? and what is pressure altitude?

What is density altitude? and what is pressure altitude?

Density altitude is pressure altitude corrected for temperature.

Pressure altitude is the indicated altitude when an altimeter is set to 29.92 (1,013.2 mb).

Tell us what ranges the glideslope and localiser beams are checked out to?

Tell us what ranges the glideslope and localiser beams are checked out to?

Glideslope: 329.15-335Mhz UHF 8 degrees either side, 10NM

Localiser: 108.10-111.95Mhz VHF 35 degrees either side, 17NM

What is the angle of incidence?

What is the angle of incidence?

The angle between between the chord line and the aircraft's longitudinal axis. It's a fixed angle for wings, but variable for variable incidence tailplanes.

Describe aspect ratio.

Describe aspect ratio.

The ratio between the wing span and the mean chord line.

A high aspect ratio is associated with good lift to drag ratio, i.e.: Gliders.

A low aspect ratio is usually associated with fast aircraft, i.e.: Fighter jets.

Tell me, I was looking out the window and I saw white strokes coming out of the engines at cruising level, but I didn’t see it from an aircraft taking off, why is that and what is the difference?

Tell me, I was looking out the window and I saw white strokes coming out of the engines at cruising level, but I didn’t see it from an aircraft taking off, why is that and what is the difference?

Those are contrails.

The jet engine exhaust gases consist of carbon dioxide and water vapour.

At high altitudes the wator vapour gets released in a very cold environment. This can cause the air to be saturated with water vapour and then condenses. If cold enough the condense can freeze into white droplets. This forms the contrails.

What systems protect against a stall?

What systems protect against a stall?

Stall warning, stick shaker, stick pusher, etc...

Generically we can destinguish between systems that alert the pilot of the impeding stall, like stall the stall warning or stick shaker, and systems that try to correct the situation, like a stick pusher.

What is Vs?

What is Vs?

Stall speed is defined as the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable.

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