Explain V1, V2, VR, VMCA and VMCG
Explain V1, V2, VR, VMCA and VMCG
V1 is the decision speed (sometimes referred to as critical engine speed or critical engine failure speed) by which any decision to reject a takeoff must be made.
V2 is the takeoff safety speed which must be attained at the 35 ft height at the end of the required runway distance. This is essentially the best one-engine inoperative angle of climb speed for the airplane and is a minimum speed for flight in that condition until at least 400 ft above the ground. V2 shall be at least 1.1 times VMCA, and no less than 1.2 times VS.
Vr is defined as the speed at which the rotation of the aircraft should be initiated to takeoff attitude.
VMCA is the minimum control speed in the air and is defined as the minimum speed, whilst in the air, that directional control can be maintained with one engine inoperative (critical engine on two engine aerolanes), operating engine(s) at takeoff power and a maximum of 5 degrees of bank towards the good engine(s).
VMCG is the minimum control speed on the ground and is defined as the minimum speed, whilst on the ground, that directional control can be maintained, using only aerodynamic controls, with one engine inoperative (critical engine on two engine airplanes) and takeoff power applied on the other engine(s).
What wings does the Boeing 737-800 use?
What wings does the Boeing 737-800 use?
Swept back wings
Name the different aircraft categories, speeds and on which speed these categories are based.
Name the different aircraft categories, speeds and on which speed these categories are based.
Aircraft categories are based on Vat (in knots):
A <91
B 91-120
C 121-140
D 141-165
E 166 - 210
Why is anhedral used instead on some aircraft?
Why is anhedral used instead on some aircraft?
Anhedral:
compensates for the wing sweep improves roll maneuverability
If turboprops are more efficient aircraft, why do they not climb that high?
If turboprops are more efficient aircraft, why do they not climb that high?
Jet engines are designed to achieve their best specific fuel consumption at high rpm, which can only be achieved at high altitudes where the air density is low.
Thrust produced will be low enough to equal the required cruising thrust. Also high altitude gives the best operating conditions for the airframe i.e. minimum drag during the cruise.
Turboprops need relatively dense air for the propellers to work efficiently and at high altitude the density would be too low.
If you are at the locator, on glide-scope, on localiser, but your altimeter is reading 500ft high what could be the cause of this?
If you are at the locator, on glide-scope, on localiser, but your altimeter is reading 500ft high what could be the cause of this?
False glide slope.
While climbing with a SEP, in what temperature range can carb icing occur?
While climbing with a SEP, in what temperature range can carb icing occur?
Carb icing can occur with temperatures as high 30°C and humidity as low as 50%, but it is more likely when below 20°C and high humidity, especially during low power settings.
Does a jet have a critical engine? Why yes or no?
Does a jet have a critical engine? Why yes or no?
No, there is no P-factor (asymmetric blade effect) as on a propeller-driven aircraft.
What is BEM?
What is BEM?
Basic Empty Mass (BEM) is the mass of the aircraft with the basic equipment, unconsumable fluids and unusable fuel and oil.
What is N1, N2, EGT and EPR?
What is N1, N2, EGT and EPR?
N1= Low pressure compressor spool or fan rotation speed. Usually expressed as a % of Max N1.
N2= High pressure compressor rotation speed.
EGT= Exhaust gas temperature, indicates the temperature at the first stage of the turbine, which is the most critical temperature in the engine.
EPR= Engine pressure ratio of the inlet to the jet pipe, displayed on the EPR gauge to use as a parameter for setting engine thrust